Microcirculation (part 1 – main players and their role in the circulatory system)
https://doi.org/10.51922/2616-633X.2023.7.2.1903
Abstract
The article presents modern views on microcirculation, which is the terminal compartment of the cardiovascular system, built into the tissue structure and determining the target function of blood circulation – the exchange between blood and tissues of substrates, energy and information, which ensures the maintenance of life support processes at the cellular level. The paper highlights the hemodynamic features that determine the main functions of microcirculatory vessels as the most important part of the blood circulation. The structure and morphofunctional features of all levels of microcirculation including the smallest vessels of the terminal bed, which preserve the morphological structure of arteries and veins, are described in detail. The main mechanisms of regulation of arteriolar blood flow are identified: neurohumoral, myogenic, and metabolic. A detailed description of the endothelium is given. The role of the barrier function of the endothelium in maintaining the balance between osmotic and hydrostatic pressure and in the formation of the lymphatic system for drainage of excess interstitial fluid has been noted. The results of studies on microvascular endothelial cells, in which genes encoding basement membrane proteins are especially active, are presented. Attention is focused on the morphological and functional properties of the endothelial cell glycocalyx as a new clinical paradigm. The glycocalyx is present in all capillaries, arteries and veins and is a structure of distant interaction of endothelial cells with their environment, changing under pathological conditions (adhesion, thrombus formation, apoptosis).
About the Authors
N. L. Tsapaeva
Belarusian State Medical University
Belarus
Belarus
Minsk
V. G. Tsapaev
Belarusian State Medical University
Belarus
Belarus
Minsk
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Review
For citations:
Tsapaeva N.L., Tsapaev V.G. Microcirculation (part 1 – main players and their role in the circulatory system). Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal. 2023;7(2):1903-1910. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.51922/2616-633X.2023.7.2.1903
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