Microcirculation (Part 3 – methods of microcirculation assessment)

Microcirculatory dysfunction is one of the determining risk factors for the development of myocardial ischemia. Microcirculation disorders are diverse in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Therefore, it is necessary to have information not only about the state of blood flow at the tissue level, but also to have the ability to monitor it during long-term observation. In this regard, the determination of diagnostically informative quantitative and qualitative parameters of microcirculatory blood flow is one of the urgent problems in the management of internal diseases. The article considers three main groups of methods for studying microcirculation: 1-visualizing methods (computer microscopy of the vessels of the nail bed of the upper and lower extremities, bulbar conjunctiva, mucous membrane of the oral cavity); 2-clinical and metric studies (laser Doppler flowmetry, high-frequency ultrasound Dopplerography); 3-methods that determine blood flow and gas exchange at the level of microcirculation (radionuclide methods of research, positional emission tomography, non-invasive oximetry). The article describes specific methods of implementation, the most informative indicators and parameters of each technology, which allow assessing the degree of microcirculatory disorders and control the effectiveness of the treatment, and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods of microcirculation research.

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