Cellular structure of atherosclerotic plaques: immunoregulatory mechanisms in the arterial wall
https://doi.org/10.51922/2616-633X.2023.7.1.1881
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries that occurs during a complex interaction between risk factors (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, etc.), components of the vascular wall, as well as immune and inflammatory cells. Various cells from intima, media, adventitia and perivascular adipose tissue not only make up an intact and normal arterial vessel wall, but also participate in the inflammatory reaction in atherosclerosis.
The process of atherosclerosis is initiated by activation of the endothelium, followed by a cascade of events (accumulation of lipids, migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells, transformation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts). The atherosclerotic plaque causes narrowing of the vessel and leads to cardiovascular complications. The article reviews the results of recent studies that reveal the role of various cells of the arterial vessel wall, as well as cells of innate and adaptive immunity in the development of atherosclerosis.
About the Author
M. Kazakova
Republican Clinical Medical Center of the Administration of the President of the Republic of Belarus; Belarusian State Medical University
Belarus
Belarus
Minsk
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Review
For citations:
Kazakova M. Cellular structure of atherosclerotic plaques: immunoregulatory mechanisms in the arterial wall. Emergency Cardiology and Cardiovascular Risks journal. 2023;7(1):1881-1884. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.51922/2616-633X.2023.7.1.1881
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