Modern approaches to prediction and prevention of cardiotoxic effects of complex treatment of breast cancer.

Objectives. To study the effect of complex treatment of breast cancer (BC) on the parameters of the structural and functional state of the cardiovascular system. To develop a model for predicting the ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle (LV) measured by the Simpson method after the end of antitumor therapy on the basis of initial laboratory and instrumental data.
Methods. The cardiovascular system was examined in 100 women who received complex treatment of BC. The groups were formed depending on the presence of arterial hypertension (AH) and on the cardiotropic therapy (CT) received: the BC group, the BC+ CT group, the BC+ AH+CT group.
Results. The research showed a decrease in LVEF measured by the Simpson method from 66,0 (62,0; 71,0)% to 60,0 (57,0-66,0)%, an increase in LV end systolic diameter from 27,0 (24,0–29,0) mm to 27,0 (25,0–31,0) mm, LV end systolic volume from 27,0 (22,0; 32,0) ml to 28,0 (24,0; 37,0) ml; a decrease in the mitral ratio of peaks early to late diastolic filling velocity from 1,4 (1,1; 1,8) to 1,2 (1,1; 1,5), in the ratio of early to late diastolic mitral annular velocity from 1,4 (1,2; 1,7) to 1,2 (1,0; 1,6); in the of early to late diastolic tricuspid annular velocity from 1,4 (1,2; 1,7) to 1,0 (0,8; 1,1), reduction of the increase in the diameter (d) of the brachial artery (BA) after performing a post-occlusion test from 12,5 (11,0; 16,0)% to 9,0 (6,0; 12,0)%, the reduction of heart rate variability: standard deviation of NN intervals from 57,7 (44,9; 72,9) ms to 54,1 (44,0; 63,3) ms, root mean square of successive RR interval differences from 29,6 (17,5; 43,3) ms to 20,0 (15,2; 28,0) ms, total power of the spectrum from 1326,3 (996,4; 2061,7) to 1132,4 (824,3; 1649,8) ms2/ Hz; power of the high-frequency (HF) from 647,3 (416,8; 921,4) to 443,7 (315,9; 669,0) ms2/ Hz; an increase in ratio of low-frequency to HF from 0,8 (0,7; 1,0) to 1,05 (0,8; 1,2). A Simpson-based EF prognostic model after the end of BC treatment has been developed. It includes the total dose of doxorubicin calculated for the body surface area, the peak early diastolic filling velocity of transtricuspid flow, the diameter of the pulmonary artery, the velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, the intima-medial thickness of the left common carotid artery, HF, % increase of the d of the BA. The developed model has a high prognostic ability.
Conclusions. Breast cancer treatment negatively affects the structural and functional state of the cardiovascular system. The administration of a combination of valsartan and carvedilol prevents the development of adverse changes. The developed EF prognostic model allows to identify patients for the preventive administration of cardiotropic therapy.

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