Analysis of frequency and localization of lower limb amputations in patients with diabetes mellitus

n recent years, the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus has significantly increased, leading to a rise in life-threatening complications and healthcare costs associated with poorly controlled disease. Among the most severe outcomes are lower limb amputations, which are independent risk factors for premature mortality and often result in repeat amputations. However, the risk of amputations can be reduced significantly through improved care, monitoring, and the promotion of healthy lifestyles. Numerous studies indicate that a multidisciplinary prevention and treatment program for diabetic foot ulcers can substantially lower the overall amputation rate in patients with diabetes.

This study evaluates the frequency and localization of diabetes-related lower limb amputations in Minsk over a 12-year period (2012–2023). A total of 1,440 cases were analyzed using data provided by the Minsk City Clinical Endocrinology Center. The data included patient demographics, diabetes type and duration, amputation level, and diagnostic and treatment details. A significant reduction in high-level amputations and an increase in minor amputations were observed, which may reflect improved healthcare quality. However, amputations remain a serious challenge for healthcare systems. Type 1 diabetes patients had higher amputation rates than those with Type 2 diabetes, likely due to earlier disease onset and longer exposure to hyperglycemia. Femoral amputations were more frequent in elderly patients with severe comorbidities. The study highlights low consultation rates with specialized diabetic foot care teams and vascular surgeons, with insufficient vascular assessments performed prior to amputations. Peripheral arterial disease progresses more rapidly in diabetic patients, necessitating early diagnosis and intervention to prevent severe complications. Findings suggest that developing specialized clinical guidelines and optimizing patient care pathways can enhance the prevention of lower limb complications and improve access to early diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, ultimately reducing high-level amputation rates and improving patient outcomes.

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