The article analyzes the modern view on the algorithm for the diagnosis of amyloid cardiomyopathy and the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in it. A step-by-step diagnosis of AA amyloidosis of the heart is presented using a clinical case as an example. The course of the disease was characterized by worsening of the symptoms of heart failure in combination with persistent increase in troponin levels, pseudo-infarction pattern on the electrocardiogram, and unexplained myocardial hypertrophy according to echocardiography. In order to clarify the nature of the myocardial damage, a cardiovascular MRI was performed, the results of which revealed signs of storage disease. In order to confirm amyloidosis, a histological examination of a biopsy of the oral mucosa was performed.

Microcirculatory dysfunction is one of the determining risk factors for the development of myocardial ischemia. Microcirculation disorders are diverse in pathogenesis and clinical manifestations. Therefore, it is necessary to have information not only about the state of blood flow at the tissue level, but also to have the ability to monitor it during long-term observation. In this regard, the determination of diagnostically informative quantitative and qualitative parameters of microcirculatory blood flow is one of the urgent problems in the management of internal diseases. The article considers three main groups of methods for studying microcirculation: 1-visualizing methods (computer microscopy of the vessels of the nail bed of the upper and lower extremities, bulbar conjunctiva, mucous membrane of the oral cavity); 2-clinical and metric studies (laser Doppler flowmetry, high-frequency ultrasound Dopplerography); 3-methods that determine blood flow and gas exchange at the level of microcirculation (radionuclide methods of research, positional emission tomography, non-invasive oximetry). The article describes specific methods of implementation, the most informative indicators and parameters of each technology, which allow assessing the degree of microcirculatory disorders and control the effectiveness of the treatment, and analyses the advantages and disadvantages of the presented methods of microcirculation research.

The review examines the largest foreign and Russian registries of myocardial infarction and acute cerebrovascular accidents. The main characteristics and analysis of the obtained research data are given. The relevance of developing a registry of patients with myocardial infarction and acute cerebrovascular accident on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, including the data on the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients, risk factors, outcomes, treatment, discharge recommendations, and medical supervision, is discussed. Introduction of such a registry in the Republic of Belarus will allow us to evaluate the real picture of patients with such kinds of pathology follow-up quality assessment over a long period of time and offer a set of measures aimed at its improvement. Introduction of registries of myocardial infarction and acute cerebrovascular accidents into medical practice will contribute to the rational planning and optimization of republican and local budget expenditures on healthcare.

The article examines the role of nutrition as an additional factor in the treatent of rheumatoid arthritis (hereinafter – RA). Foodomics data on the mechanisms of nutrition influence on the pathogenesis of RA are presented from the perspective of modulation of immuno-inflammatory processes, changes in the intestinal microbiota, and regulation of gene expression associated with inflammation. The key areas of research are summarized – from individual nutrients to complex dietary approaches. Besides, we present scientific data on the role of nutrients and beverages in reducing RA activity, as well as current recommendations from international rheumatology communities. Special attention is paid to the Mediterranean diet, which has the greatest evidence base.

This article presents the data from a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of coenzyme Q10 in the framework of preabilitation. The outcomes assessed included: CK-MB level, cardiac index (CI) value 24 hours after intervention, duration of hospitalization, hsTroponin level and degree of vasopressor support 24 hours after cardiac surgery. Due to many limitations, the meta-analysis has not shown the effectiveness of coenzyme Q10, which requires investigations of proper quality for a more detailed study of this drug.

Heart transplantation is the treatment of choice in case of identifying objective signs of severe chronic heart failure (CHF), refractory to drug therapy, inability to perform surgical reconstructive interventions due to their extremely high risk. Heart transplantations have been performed in the Republic of Belarus since 2009 and by the beginning of 2023, more than 500 such operations have been performed. The number of operations performed in the world is growing every year [1, 2].
The progress of high-tech medical care has improved survival after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) provided to patients with end-stage CHF over the past decade. Nowadays, the annual survival rate in the world is 90%, the five-year survival rate is equal to 75% [3].
Acute cellular and humoral rejection, infectious and surgical factors are the main causes of death among patients in the early period after OHT, but primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading predictor of death. Nowadays, the hospital mortality of patients after OHT complicated by PGD stays extremely high and averages 30%. The frequency of primary graft dysfunction according to literature data ranges from 2.3% to 28.2%. Such a wide range of occurrence of this complication appears because of different approaches to diagnosis and criteria for diagnosis in various transplant centers [4].
The review article presents the criteria for the diagnosis of primary graft dysfunction, the classification of this condition and describes the main risk factors for the development of primary graft dysfunction on the part of both the donor and the recipient. Some results of our own research are presented in this article.

Objective. To assess the functional adequacy of emergency X-ray endovascular myocardial revascularization (RERM) in the late period of acute coronary syndrome. To determine clinical, biochemical and microcirculatory markers of high cardiovascular risk during 6 months of observation.
Materials and methods. A total of 54 patients were examined in 6 months after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndrome (ACS): 24 with complete myocardial revascularization and 30 with incomplete myocardial revascularization. The study methods included: assessment of the dynamics of biomarkers associated with high cardiovascular risk (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays); monitoring of the effectiveness of dual antithrombotic therapy (Multiplate); a 6-minute walk test; ejection fraction (EF); a study of the state of microcirculation by computer conjunctival biomicroscopy (CBM); oxygen utilization and transport by noninvasive oximetry;
Results. All patients examined with standard DAPT achieved an adequate antiplatelet effect. In the group of patients with complete RERM, there was a significant improvement in all the studied parameters. Analysis of the dynamics of the studied parameters and the clinical status in the group of patients with incomplete ERRM showed that after 6 months of observation the effectiveness of the technology can be assessed as functionally adequate in 73.3% of patients. Incomplete functionally inadequate RERM was associated with a significant decrease in the number of functioning capillaries (FC) according to the GBM data; a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen in the tissue (PO2), the rate of utilization (V1), the rate of oxygen tension recovery (V2) and, accordingly, lower capillary blood flow (LP), according to non-invasive oximetry, which corresponded to the clinical criteria of low quality of life (need for nitrates, low tolerance to physical activity). As a result of the study, we determined biochemical (CRP > 10 mg/l; ST2 > 35 ng/ml; NTproBNP > 200 pg/ml; TIMP-1 > 388 ng/ml) and microcirculatory (FC > 3 points; LP > 0.75 mmHg/sec) markers of high cardiovascular risk.
Conclusion. The functional adequacy of incomplete revascularization in the late period of ACS is due to the presence of viable myocardium in the zone of chronic occlusion and the formation of effective retrograde reperfusion. It was found that after 6 months of observation 73.3% of patients with ACS had effective restoration of blood supply, confirmed by a reliable improvement in clinical status, dynamics of biomarker levels, microcirculation parameters and oxygen kinetics parameters. The totality of the markers of cardiovascular risk presented in the results of the study in patients with ACS in the long-term period requires prompt resolution of the issue of surgical correction of the coronary bed if aortocoronary bypass grafting is technically possible.

Aim. To identify the determinants of recurrent ischemic events within 30 days in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI).
Methods. The prospective observational study included 405 patients, divided into 2 groups based on endpoints. Group 1 included 369 people without events; group 2 included 36 patients with recurrent ischemic events (stent thrombosis, recurrent myocardial infarction, peri-infarction angina). The following studies were performed: multielectrode aggregometry, blood test with platelet indices, enzyme-linked immunosorbent determination of soluble CD40 ligand, sP-selectin, von Willebrand factor and endothelin-1 on days 1–2 of MI, genotyping of CYP2C19, P2RY12, ITGB3, ITGA2, eNOS3 genes.
Results. Using step-by-step discriminant analysis, the following equation was constructed: Y = –15,9829 + 0,0211 × X1 + 0,0777 × X2 + 1,1012 × X3 + + 0,0183 × X4++0,1002 × X5 + 0,0455 × Х6 + 0,1653 × Х7 + 0,5568 × Х8 + + 0,1546 × Х9 + 0,3175 × Х10, where: Х1 – age, years; X2 – waist circumference, cm; X3 – NYHA FC; X4 – erythrocyte sedimentation rate in a blood test, mm/h; X5 – the number of leukocytes in a blood test; X6 – ADP-test (U) value of the aggregogram; X7 – fibrinogen level (g/l) in blood plasma; X8 – results of genotyping of the polymorphic marker G681A (*2) of the CYP2C19 gene, where carriage of genotype GG = 0, carriage of genotype GA = 1, carriage of genotype AA = 2; X9 – results of genotyping of the C807T polymorphic marker of the ITGA2 gene, where carriage of genotype CC = 0, carriage of genotype ST = 1, carriage of genotype TT = 2; X10 – results of genotyping of the T786C polymorphic marker of the eNOS3 gene, where carriage of the TT genotype = 0, carriage of the TC genotype = 1, carriage of the CC genotype = 2. If Y > 0, the probability of developing recurrent ischemic events within 30 days from the onset of MI is high. If Y ≤ 0, the probability of developing recurrent ischemic events within 30 days from the onset of MI is low. The diagnostic sensitivity of the model is 77.7%, diagnostic specificity is 80.0%, accuracy is 77.9%, the predictive value of a negative result (favorable prognosis) is 97.6%, the predictive value of a positive result (unfavorable prognosis) is 25.3 %.
Conclusions. Short-term prognosis is influenced by age, abdominal obesity, inflammation and insufficient efficacy of clopidogrel, carriage of mutant alleles of the CYP2C19, ITGA2 and eNOS3 genes, the products of which affect the metabolism of clopidogrel and platelet activity.

According to WHO data, cardiovascular diseases account for 63% of total mortality from non-communicable diseases worldwide, with the largest share of deaths attributed to ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke. Untimely detection of preclinical stages of atherosclerosis in comorbid patients leads to delayed initiation of preventive pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy.
The need to develop and implement a diagnostic algorithm for atherosclerosis of coronary and precerebral arteries in patients with hypo- and hyperthyroidism in clinical practice is driven by the widespread prevalence of thyroid pathology in the Republic of Belarus and globally. This is due to the development of severe cardiovascular complications in the absence of adequate preventive measures, early disability of patients, high financial costs of interventional and cardiac surgical diagnostic and treatment procedures, and the necessity to ensure more rational use of budget funds for outpatient and inpatient treatment, as well as reducing expenses related to loss of working capacity due to cardiovascular diseases in individuals with thyroid dysfunction.
Objective of the study: to evaluate the potential of a diagnostic algorithm for atherosclerosis of coronary and precerebral arteries at the preclinical stage in patients with hypo- and hyperthyroidism for inclusion in a set of medical services aimed at providing care to comorbid patients with thyroid pathology and atherosclerosis-associated circulatory system diseases.
Materials and Methods. The study included 118 working-age patients with thyroid diseases newly diagnosed with hypo- or hyperthyroidism without clinical signs and history of IHD and chronic cerebral circulation insufficiency. Examination of asymptomatic patients with hypo- or hyperthyroidism included analysis of clinical and anamnesis data (complaints, anamnesis, objective examination with blood pressure measurement and making an anthropometric passport of the patient), biochemical blood test with lipid spectrum interpretation and determination of the type of hyperlipidemia according to the WHO classification, and instrumental data (transthoracic echocardiography, volumetric sphygmography with determination of CAVI and ABI indices, ultrasound of brachiocephalic arteries (BCA), cardiac computed tomography with coronary calcium screening programs and CT coronary angiography (CT-CAG)).
Results. Atherosclerotic lesions of BCA were detected in 58.5% of individuals with hypothyroidism and 28.8% with thyroid hyperfunction with a multi-vessel lesion rate of 34.0% and 12.5%, and one or a combination of several signs of atherosclerotic plaque (ASP) instability in 41.5% and 4.2% of patients with hypo- and hyperthyroidism respectively. Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries was verified in 44.6% of examined patients with hypothyroidism and 20.0% with hyperthyroidism, with multi-vessel (2 or more) coronary artery lesions in 36.1% and 3.1% of individuals with hypo- and hyperthyroidism respectively. All patients included in the study with instrumentally confirmed atherosclerosis were prescribed lipid-lowering therapy with statins. Hemodynamically significant stenosing lesion (ASP > 50%) according to CT-CAG was detected in 4.8% of asymptomatic patients with hypothyroidism and in 1 patient with hyperthyroidism. Selective percutaneous coronary artery angiography was performed on 5 asymptomatic patients with different thyroid hormone statuses resulting in percutaneous coronary intervention with the implantation of 2 or more coronary stents in three patients with hypothyroidism and coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with hypothyroidism and a patient with hyperthyroidism due to multi-vessel atherosclerotic lesions with ASP over 85–90%.
Conclusion. The diagnostic algorithm for atherosclerosis of coronary and precerebral arteries in patients with hypo- and hyperthyroidism can be recommended for quickly determining the optimal diagnostic approach for detecting asymptomatic stages of atherosclerosis in various locations. It is particularly useful for diagnosing atherosclerosis in the coronary and precerebral arteries in patients with either hypo- or hyperthyroidism. The algorithm is designed to be safe for both doctors and patients, cost-effective, and easy to implement in different regions of the Republic of Belarus and internationally. Implementing this algorithm will enhance the quality of medical care for patients with comorbid conditions and help decrease the incidence of atherothrombosis in the coronary and precerebral arteries among the Belarusian population. It will also aid in defining both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for preventing cardiovascular events in individuals with varying thyroid hormone statuses.

Weobtained changed readings in the quantitative composition of certain representatives of the intestinal microflora characteristic of normotensive patients with visceral obesity in comparison with normotensive patients without visceral obesity. They included a decreased pool of commensal bacteria Faecalibacterium spp. (10.51 ± 1.13 vs. 9.5 ± 1.14, p = 0.020), Lactobacillus spp. (9.17 ± 1.74 vs. 8.00 ± 2.52, p = 0.025), Bacteroides spp. (9.02 ± 0.76 vs. 8.46 ± 0.47, p = 0.027), Fusobacterium spp. (13.4 ± 1.01 vs. 12.03 ± 0.92, p < 0,001), Bifidobacterium spp. (7.31 ± 1.16 vs. 5.95 ± 1.82, p = 0.028) respectively. Quantitative content of representatives of opportunistic intestinal microflora Streprococcus spp. (6.31 ± 0.79 vs. 5.87 ± 0.78, p = 0.032) and Staphylococcus spp. (6.67 ± 1.23 vs. 5.98 ± 0.98, p = 0.036) was increased in patients with visceral obesity compared to the group of patients without visceral obesity.

The problem of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains the focus of close attention of physicians of various specialties. Given the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), as well as the high risk of developing macro- and microvascular complications, the issue of preventing cardiovascular pathology in individuals with DM is extremely relevant. Such patients have many risk factors, are characterized by an unfavorable prognosis and high rates of disability and mortality. Reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in DM is an important medical and social aspect that should be given priority attention. Timely detection of risk factors and implementation of primary prevention measures will help reduce premature mortality, improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the economic burden of the disease. SCORE2-Diabetes is a new algorithm for assessing the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus, which is designed to improve the accuracy of identifying people at high risk of developing cardiovascular pathology in Europe.

Aim. To evaluate the influence of the polymorphisms of genes encoding the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, I/D polymorphism, rs4343) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS, T/C polymorphism, rs 2070744; G/T polymorphism, rs 1799983) on anthropometric and structural and functional indicators of the cardiovascular system in patients undergoing breast cancer combined treatment.
Methods. We evaluated the cardiovascular health of 50 women who received combined treatment of breast cancer. 44 patients were divided into three groups, depending on the polymorphisms of genes. In the study, all women received a comprehensive evaluation of the cardiovascular health at the beginning and at the end of breast cancer treatment.
Results.The data obtained indicate that the presence of the ACE gene allele D (rs 43) in the patient (polymorphism I/D and D/D) determines the predisposition to an increase in weight and body mass index following antitumor therapy; an increase in volume parameters and linear dimensions of the left ventricle, a decrease in the ejection fraction and a change in left ventricular remodeling parameters, disorders of relaxation processes and systolic function of the right ventricle, increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, lower indicators of endothelium-dependent dilation of the brachial artery before the start of antitumor therapy.
The detection of the G allele of the nitric oxide synthase gene (G/T, rs 1799983) (G/G, G/T polymorphisms) in patients receiving complex breast cancer treatment indicates a predisposition to the following changes: weight gain, body mass index, waist and hip size. The presence of the G allele predisposes to a decreased ejection fraction, left ventricular remodeling processes, deterioration of diastolic function of the left and right ventricles, activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the negative effects of antitumor treatment on the structure of the endothelium and its function.
The C allele of the nitric oxide synthase gene (polymorphisms C/C, T/C) in patients receiving complex breast cancer treatment, determines a predisposition to weight gain, body mass index, decrease in ejection fraction and the development of left ventricular remodeling by the end of antitumor therapy.
Conclusion. Despite the limited use of medical genetic examination in routine clinical practice, the study substantiated the determination of polymorphisms of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (rs 4343, polymorphism I/D) and nitric oxide synthase (polymorphisms T/C, rs 2070744 and G/T, rs 1799983) to identify individual predisposition to the development of cardiovascular complications of antitumor therapy for breast cancer.

Objective. To develop a differentiated program of medical rehabilitation for patients after myocardial revascularization associated with neurological manifestations of intervertebral disc damage.
Materials and methods. A cohort study of 55 (48 males and 7 females) patients after myocardial revascularization combined with neurological manifestations of intervertebral disc damage (mean age 60 [64; 66] years) was performed. Patients underwent clinical examination, functional tests, and laboratory examination. All patients were divided into groups randomly. In the main group, a method of medical rehabilitation based on the division of patients according to the combination of cardiogenic and vertebrogenic pain syndrome severity was applied.
Results. The use of the method of differentiated medical rehabilitation based on the gradation of pain syndrome revealed more significant functional improvement (limitation of life activity in the category of ability to work 35% and 98%, p = 0.004), subjectively (according to VAS, cardiogenic pain syndrome 1.9 and 0.65 points, p < 0.01; vertebrogenic pain syndrome 3.5 and 1 point, p < 0.001). Stabilization of systolic blood pressure after rehabilitation was found in the lower range of 130 [120; 140] and 120 [110; 120] mm. Hg., p < 0.01.
Conclusion. Application of the method of differentiated medical rehabilitation taking into account the combination of pain syndrome of cardiogenic and vertebrogenic genesis revealed a more significant improvement of the patients’ condition.

Aim: to carry out a retrospective analysis of the frequency and structure of complications of surgical treatment of atrioventricular block in children treated at the RSPC of pediatric surgery in the period from 2012 to 2023 and to study the effectiveness of the algorithm of surgical treatment of atrioventricular block (AV block) to prevent postoperative complications associated with the implantation of an electrocardiostimulator.
Materials and methods. The analysis of the frequency and structure of complications of surgical treatment of AV block in children was carried out by retrospectively examining the medical records of 272 patients who underwent implantation of an electrocardiostimulator (ECS) in the RSPC for Pediatric Surgery in the period from 2012 to 2023.
Results and discussion. It was noted that the frequency of all postoperative complications associated with the implantation of the ECS was 18.7%. In the structure of complications, the most frequent were: electrode dysfunction requiring its replacement (80.2%), infectious complications (9.6%), ECS-induced cardiomyopathy (7.7%). Electrode dysfunction occurred 2.1 times more often with endocardial access. Epicardial right ventricular stimulation increased the risk of developing ECS-induced cardiomyopathy. Since 2018, using the algorithm of surgical treatment of AV block developed by us, the overall frequency of postoperative complications in children has decreased from 22% to 15%, i.e. by 1.5 times, and the risk of developing ECS-induced cardiomyopathy with epicardial stimulation has been eliminated.
Conclusion. The analysis showed that pacing in children is associated with a high risk of complications. Their frequency and structure depend on the correct access, taking into account the patient’s weight and the focus of stimulation. The use of the algorithm of surgical treatment of AV block in children developed by us reduces the overall frequency of postoperative complications and the risk of developing ECS-induced cardiomyopathy.

Assessment of the quality of life is a simple and reliable method for assessing the general well-being of a person, which is useful in assessing the clinical and social effectiveness of various methods of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.
Objective. To determine the impact of chronic pathology of the ear, pharynx, nose and larynx on the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic ischemic heart disease.
Material and methods. The study involved 103 patients who were hospitalized in the healthcare institution “4th City Clinical Hospital named after N.E. Savchenko” of Minsk. The survey was conducted using the general questionnaire SF-36. The inclusion criteria for the study were chronic ischemic heart disease and chronic otolaryngological pathology. Results. Chronic diseases of the ear, throat, nose and larynx in combination with chronic ischemic heart disease have a significant impact on the quality of human life, causing a decrease in the value of the integral indicator of the physical component of health to 64.7±13.2 and the psychological component of health to 60.1±13.1. The most significant emotional impact on the quality of life of a person is provided by the combination of chronic ischemic heart disease with chronic pharyngeal pathology, which is confirmed by the maximum gap between the indicators of the physical component of health (75.2 ± 10.3) and psychological (62.2±13.7), which amounted to 13 points.
Conclusion. Chronic diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses have the most significant negative impact on the quality of life of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (PH – 60.2±13.8, MH – 51.3±11.7), namely, chronic polypous rhinosinusitis (PH – 61.0±11.2, MH – 50.3±10.6) and chronic purulent rhinosinusitis (PH – 57.1±13.6, MH – 47.6±13.1).

Introduction. Diabetic nephropathy, on the one hand, is one of the most common causes of end-stage chronic kidney disease in diabetes mellitus (DM), and on the other hand, a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular complications. Microalbumin has traditionally been used in routine practice to assess renal function and cardiovascular risk, however, many markers are now being identified that are associated with renal dysfunction, one of which is podocin. In this regard, it becomes relevant to study podocin in order to predict the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases in diabetes in the future.
Purpose. To study the relationship between podocin levels and atherosclerotic arterial lesions in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and methods. The study included 316 patients with type 2 diabetes, median age 66.00 [60.00; 72.00] years. The investigation of patients included a standard examination with assessment of podocin levels in urine and ultrasound examination of the brachiocephalic arteries with determination of intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery (CCA).
Results. Podocin levels in patients with DT2 were significantly higher compared to the control group (0.615 [0.320; 1.892] vs. 0.240 [0.140; 0.300] ng/ml, p < 0.001). When conducting a correlation analysis of the relationship between podocin and IMT CCA, we established a close direct relationship (r = 0.524 for IMT on the right and r = 0.518 for IMT on the left with p < 0.001). Using the binary logistic regression method, a significant association of podocin with IMT CCA was determined, so with an increase in podocin by 1 ng/ml, the chances of IMT thickening increased by 3.028 times. When assessing the probability of IMT thickening using ROC analysis, a cut-off point for podocin of 0.806 ng/mL was obtained, with a sensitivity and pecificity of 71.0% and 81.0%, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was 0.778 ± 0.047 with 95% CI: 0.686 – 0.871, p < 0.001.
Conclusion. Urinary podocin in urine can be considered as an early marker of atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes, with a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 81%.

Introduction. The problem of stenotic atherosclerosis remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, significantly impacting healthcare systems and patient quality of life. This disease is characterized by the accumulation of atheromatous plaques in the arterial walls, leading to their narrowing and eventual obstruction of blood flow. Major risk factors include hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking.
The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving complex interactions between lipid metabolism, inflammatory processes, endothelial dysfunction, and genetic predispositions. Diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis include both non-invasive imaging techniques and invasive procedures such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Personalized medicine and new biomarkers play a crucial role in improving treatment outcomes.
Aim of the Study. To determine the levels of biochemical markers (P-se-lectin and integrin-β3) in the plasma of patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) who underwent PCI, in order to assess their potential as predictors of the development of coronary artery stenosing atherosclerosis.
Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at the Grodno Regional Clinical Cardiology Center from 2017 to 2023. The study included 209 patients, divided into three groups:
– Group 1 (n = 31) – healthy individuals.
– Group 2 (n = 30) – patients with chronic ischemic heart disease without indications for invasive coronary angiography (CAG).
– Group 3 (n = 148) – patients with ischemic heart disease who underwent invasive coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Plasma levels of P-selectin and integrin-β3 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical data analysis was performed using the STATISTICA 10.0 software package.
Results. Key clinical and anamnestic data showed significant differences between patient groups in terms of age, body mass index, blood pressure, and the presence of comorbidities. Levels of integrin-β3 and P-selectin were significantly higher in Group 3 compared to Group 2 and Group 1, respectively. This indicates higher inflammatory activity in patients with clinically significant stenotic atherosclerosis.
Conclusions. Our study revealed differences in the clinical and anamnestic characteristics and the levels of integrin-β3 and P-selectin markers between groups of patients who developed clinically significant coronary artery atherosclerosis and those who, due to stenotic atherosclerosis, underwent PCI.